Operational Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operational Management - Assignment Example The StarField Hyper Mall is a worldwide chain with splendid accomplishment across Europe. This was its first time in settling in the United Kingdom market and this included undertakings that were diverse similarly from other of its branches. One of such undertaking was its outright powerlessness over the way that the vast majority of its accomplices didn't have workplaces here in this nation. As there was a satisfactory nonappearance of administrations and organizations, the organization needed to search for different accomplices from the nearby help enterprises. This included new affiliations and new associations and the work that followed was not tried from past encounters yet depended on shared intrigue. Clients griped of the ‘Rudeness of the staff’, ‘Problems with facilities’ and ‘Reliability’. These are uncommon grumblings for every one of the three protests straightforwardly includes the company’s picture. The discourteousness in the disposition of the staff influences the client organization relationship most viably however. The staff is nevertheless diplomats of the organization and in the event that they are found to default in their morals and taking care of, it leaves a general humiliating impression of the company’s picture (Ali, 2003). In spite of the fact that the staff themselves for the most part griped of such blames in mentality on the ‘help staff’, the suggestions influence the entire organization. As the objections neglect to detail the discourteousness, a theoretical circumstance and resulting suspicions must be made so as to oblige this issue. The inconsiderateness of the staff can extend from the ne ed tuning in to handicap to help a client out of luck. It can fall into numerous classes and can be an immediate ramifications by any staff individual from the organization, be it the ‘help staff’, the counter staff or even the security. The client could have had issues with the helping staff unfit to furnish them with ideal help or inability to hear them out. The term discourteousness can fall into various braches and can for sure incorporate

Sense and Sensibility Essay -- Jane Austen

Sense and Sensibility was the main novel composed by Jane Austen what's more, it mirrors the perspectives and thoughts of a little youngster of twenty-two. It incorporates self-portraying components, as do other books composed by her. Jane Austen had just a single sister, Cassandra, and the two were joined. The association that existed among Jane and Cassandra is to be found among Elinor and Marianne. The two ladies of the novel additionally look like their genuine life partners in their inclination and disposition. Elinor has the great feeling of Cassandra and the warmth of Jane. Marianne shows Jane's affection for perusing, music and move. The setting of the novel is additionally founded on genuine areas. The Dashwoods' cabin at Barton in Devonshire looks like Jane Austen's home at Steventon in Hampshi...

Blog Archive Mission Admission Take the Admissions Committees Word for It

Blog Archive Mission Admission Take the Admissions Committees Word for It Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As interview decisions are released, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an interview invitation, you will certainly not increase your chances by calling the admissions office and asking if they do indeed have all of your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently positioning you as pushy or even belligerent. Admissions offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their respective words. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. As painful as it is, unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really do is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Final Reflection and Personal Development Planning Essay

Final Reflection and Personal Development Planning Essay Introduction A personal development plan is an essential tool for the development of a student, the development plan helps a student plan on the basic strategies to use to evaluate and enhance his capabilities. Evaluation of personal capability entails reviewing personal traits like the strengths and weaknesses in various areas of learning. The students should make sure that these areas are well understood after which the individual should provide an action plan complete with a deadline and an effectiveness measure. The deadline assist the student to achieve their goals by a given date at which the student will evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy employed. If the strategies employed are not effective, the students need to formulate other strategies that favor his development. The personal development plan is reviewed at several stages of the individual development. The individual may enlist the help from friends to gauge his performance levels or perform some tests to check on his developm ent. Initial personal development plan The initial personal development plan was aimed at resolving some of the problems encountered in the previous academic levels. In the previous levels personal development was not planed thus some of the areas suffered causing a decrease in the knowledge levels. Over the years personal development was random and skills acquired were easily forgotten due to lack of adequate practice and use of these knowledge in the practical world. The personal development plan was designed to tackle the areas where weakness was seen in the learning process and ensure the areas of strength were maintained at high levels. The initial development plan was aimed at improving personal presentation skills, confidence was lacking in the presentation skills thus the presentations were not convincing to the audience, the presentation took longer times than required, this was due to lack of understanding the topic thus the ability to summarize work was compromised. Confidence is also caused by fear of other st udents, being new to the school may have caused this as most of students were new. To increase the confidence levels, interaction with the students through social groups was encouraged. The presentation skills were allocated a period of one semester which key aspects of presentation were to be practiced. Reading skills were lacking prior to the personal development plan, connecting the information read was a problem. The need to understand information from various sources arose. If information is understood reading is made easy. The understanding of words was also lacking. Failure to understand the words and familiarizing with them causes this problem. The brain requires an adequate word bank to ensure that the person can read effectively. To resolve this problem reading from various sources is recommended to ensure that the student understand more words. Increasing the amount of words assist the individual to gain confidence in personal skills thus learn is made easy. Listening to discussions and debates plays an important part in increasing the knowledge of an individual; this assists the students to improve on the ideas by building on the ideas already in the learner and getting ideas from other sources. The student may follow up the discussions or the debates by personal learning thus improve on the reading skills. Reading skills are acquired over a period of time so they were allocated a series of development levels marked by the grade. The levels in the previous academic level improved with the increase in learning materials. In the reading process, Time management is crucial for the student. Planning is needed by the student to ensure that the all aspects of learning are integrated and well managed to fit the student’s time frame. The student should allocate all daily activities adequate time to ensure that they are catered for. The important activities like reading and group work discussions should be allocated more time. The areas of weakness in the student should be allocated more time and resources to ensure that they improve. Time allocation in the previous levels was improving with the student finding adequate time to perform other tasks. Time management ensures that all the time available to the student is well managed and utilized. Time management helps address those areas of weakness. Time management was given a time frame of two months where by time tables were drawn for the activities performed and strict deadlines were expected to be met. Time management was improving as less time was wasted in the previous levels. Its projected that with the progress made the levels of time wasted will reduce enabling the student to utilize this resource efficiently. Group skill are important to the students learning skills, group work brings students with different abilities and different understanding together. These group traits allow the members of the group to develop each other with the weaker students benefiting from the able students. The communication skills are enhanced in these groups as those students that do not understand in class have the chance to consult their fellow classmates. The type of students determines the merits of the group, students contributing more to the group are better learners than those that receive the knowledge. In the previous levels this was noted and efforts to contribute more to the group were initiated. More contribution has resulted to more understanding of topics and the overall class performance has increased. The group skills were allocated two months to ensure their improvement. Social skills are needed in the learning process, to socialize with the right people in the school and after school play an important pant in enhancing confidence of the individual. Students with more friends due to their social skills tend to be more confident that those with few friends. Social skills assist the learner to gain the confidence which plays an important in understanding and associating with other students. Social skills were lacking before the personal development plan but after its initiation more friends have been acquired. The kind of friends acquired also determines the character of the student. Friends that are useful to the student will facilitate academic growth. Last semester’s academic growth Presentation skills have improved greatly due to the measures put in place to ensure that presentation skills are increased. The increase in the knowledge on topics presented assisted in the presentation process. Compared to the previous semesters, presentation confidence has greatly improved and this is evident from the grading of the presentation. There is a need for improvement and through constant growth presentation skills will be enhanced. Reading skills have improved due to quantity reading familiarizing with new words from different sources. The different use of the words has ensured that the student understands the words better and understand their application. The reading skills have increased due to these factors and with more effort this skills will be enhanced. Group skills have increased though need to improve is also encouraged. Ability to contribute to topics under discussion is facilitated by the increase in knowledge. Mastering the topics and explaining the concepts to the other group members has enabled the student to increase his knowledge and communication skills. The student has also been able to socialize with the right people thus enabling him to grow in social skills. Growth in social skills has enabled the student to acquire more friends thus confidence levels have increased. The number of friends has increased over time and this can be measured from the social networks in the school and popularity in the school. Time management has enabled the student to reduce the time wasted thus the day is spent doing activities that increase personal development. Time is an important resource to the student thus allocation of time to useful activities enables the student to grow and dedicate time to more important matters. Idle time is apportioned to reading rather than activity that would affect the growth of the student. Future personal development plan In the next four semesters, the plan will be to improve on the current development plan focusing more on the areas of weakness. Presentation skills have improved greatly thus time dedication and more practice will be needed to maintain this levels. Three weeks of every semester will be dedicated to sharpening presentation skills. Reading skills require adequate material and time resource. Reading from books and two weeks of each semester will be dedicated to reading. The student will also read articles to be up to date with the current affairs. Group work has improved greatly but concerns over time wasting require the student to cut back on the hours spent discussing with other students. The time requirement is three days a week from the initial six days a week. Time management is being done in an appropriate manner and the student is finding better use of the free time he has. Time management in the semesters to come should be maintained at the same levels to enable the student to m aintain current development rates. Socialization skills are needed to boast student’s confidence; the student’s confidence levels are relatively high so the less time should be spent on socializing. The time requirement for socializing should be limited to breaks and discussing groups to minimize the time loss.

Islam Law and Human Rights in the Middle East - 1869 Words

Law 32 of 2002 requires that prospective societies apply to the Ministry of Social Affairs for a license. One clause of the law forbids members of trade unions and professional syndicates to form any association to pursue activities appropriate to that union or profession (Zubaida 1992: 8). The Ministry of Social Affairs may also refuse the formation of a society because there is no need for it or because an existing society fulfills the same function. Moreover, the Ministry can even dissolve the board of management of a society and appoint his own nominees for a maxium period of three years. The appointment then has control over the society’s funds, as well as the ability to amalgamate it with another society. In addition to these†¦show more content†¦According to Human Rights groups, the state holds at least 10,000 people detained without charge on the basis of this emergency law (Kausch, 2006: 19). The emergency powers fail to meet the standards of an ‘islamic’ and ‘democratic’ state in the following ways. Firstly, arbitrary detention is used actively and threatened against pressure groups to prevent them expressing their views thereby blocking the second standard, the use of individual reason in the public sphere. For instance, after the adoption of a critical resolution on Egypt by the European Parliament in early 2008, Egyptian officials made aggressive statements against Egyptian rights activists who had provided substantial input (S.Abed Kotob, 1995: 333). Secondly, articles in the Penal Code have been used to prosecute both pressure groups and rights activists on the grounds of national security. Saad Eddin Ibrahim himself was prosecuted in 2008 for â€Å"threatening national security and spreading misleading information about Egypt abroad† (Zubaida: 11). Indeed, President Mubarak has promised to end the permanent state of emergency, yet n one of these promises have materialized. What both Western and Islamic theory share is an emphasis on individual reason and the fundamental refusal of arbitrariness and vagueness for the risk of falling into a state of nature or not discovering the one true path. This is emphasized in the second standard, but remains relevant acrossShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Roles1630 Words   |  7 Pagesby society in both America and the Middle East. There is a big misconception about how women are being treated in the Middle East today compared to women in America because women are breaking free from the hold men place on them so the world has yet to see what good is changing in the Middle East. The middle east is known for oppressing their women, and it is mostly blamed on the religion Islam. These days we hear so many negative things regarding women in Islam. The only time we hear those wordsRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns Report1455 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Reasoning, Existence and Hope for Women’s Rights in the Middle East† The Middle East is notorious for holding women to a lower social status than men. Middle Eastern women have not been allowed to flourish as individuals for hundreds and thousands of years. In her detailed journal on women in the Middle East, Haleh Afshar explains, â€Å"For too long, the analytical parameters for understanding citizenship, identity and the processes of war and migration have been set up by men† ( 237). EitherRead MoreThe Sunni Shia Conflict Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagessects of Islam and both have a historical based conflict going back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad and how Muslims should be governed. This conflict has caused tensions and violence to flare up throughout Islamic history. 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While this image is just another stereotype, women in the middle do face many obstaclesRead MoreSunni Shia Conflict Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesProtector of Islam as they contain Mecca and Medina as well as oversee the Hajj. The Sunnis are the dominate form of Islam in Saudi and its main branch is called Wahhabism. It is a very strict form of Islam that is based on the literal interpretation of the Qur’an and allows for no other versions of Islam, like Shiism (StevenAU 2004). Iran has long been defined as the central power of Shiism especially following the 1979 Islamic revolution . Both nations are capable of polarizing the Middle East. The SaudisRead MoreDemocracy in the Middle East Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last century, the Middle East has been the location of ethnic rivalry, political and economic instability, religious conflict, territorial dispute and war. 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Once an understanding of Islam is established one can begin to see how it touches on every facetRead MoreThe Middle East1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe present battle in the Middle East, specifically in Iraq, is in part because of a conflict between the different cultures rooted there. Beneath these cultural differences are theories based on the different religious belief systems in the variety of cultures. There are three major religious based out of the middle east, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Why do these religions have such a rift between them, if their principles are similar? All three of the religions have similar qualities, and

“A Good Man is Hard to Find” Comparing Flannery...

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Technique to Grotesque Medieval Literature Upon initially reading Flannery O’Connor’s work, one would have no problem recognizing her use of shocking, violent, or despairing themes. It may not be as easy, however, to completely accept or understand her style. According to Patrick Galloway, one must be â€Å"initiated to her trademarks when reading any of her two novels or thirty-two short stories (1).In many of her works, she paradoxically uses styles that are grotesque and brutal to illustrate themes of grace and self-actualization. As O’Connor herself says, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to†¦show more content†¦in Enjolras 14).Therefore, despite the violence and death, O’Connor does the grandmother a favor by allowing her a moment of self-understanding and grace (Galloway 3-4). Author Anthony Di Renzo notes the effectiveness of O’Connor’s use of thematic revelation.Rather than opposing one another, good and evil instead exist as â€Å"equally odd, equally absurd, and equally shocking† (122).The good and evil ironically converge to relay the message of grace, common throughout her works. O’Connor wanted her stories â€Å"to reach the unbelieving reader,† and the shocking aspect of the grotesque was the most effective way to reach him/her (Hawkins 28-29). In â€Å"A Good Man,† even the physical appearance of the characters contributes to this grotesque reality.In Flannery O’Connor’s Characters, Laurence Enjolras analyzes the fictitious personalities O’Connor has created.His chapter entitled â€Å"Physical Portrait: The Ugly Human Body† looks specifically at characters in â€Å"A Good Man† (5). Enjolras emphasizes that O’Connor does not present glamorous, idealized characters.Instead, she depicts the â€Å"ordinary† human being, notwithstanding flaws or deformity

International Law a different point of view Essay Example For Students

International Law a different point of view Essay International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been grantedinternational personality (status acknowledged by the international community). The rules of international law are of a normativecharacter, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of International Justice after WorldWar II. Article 92 of the charter of the United Nations states:The International Court of justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent court of International Justice and forms an integral part of The commands of internat ional law must be those that the states impose upon themselves, as states must give consent to thecommands that they will follow. It is a direct expression of raison detat, the interests of the state, and aims to serve the state, aswell as protect the state by giving its rights and duties. This is done through treaties and other consensual engagements which areThe case-law of the ICJ is an important aspect of the UNs contribution to the development of international law. Its judgementsand advisory opinions permeates into the international legal community not only through its decisions as such but through the widerimplications of its methodology and reasoning. The successful resolution of the border dispute between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case illustrates the utility of judicial decision as a means of settlement in territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJpursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and indicated their intention to comply with it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland, 1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and must respect these resources. The Court observed:It is one of the advances in maritime international law, resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former laissez-faire treatment of the living resources of the sea in the high seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atla ntic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal States preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Courts judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recogn ise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservation based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states dependent on the same fishing grounds, have to be subject to the overriding consideration of proper conservation of the fishery resources for the benefit of all concerned. Some cases in which sanctions are threatened, however, see no actual implementation. The United States, for example, did not impose measures on those Latin American states that nationalized privately owned American property, despite legislation that authorizes the President to discontinue aid in the absence of adequate compensation. Enforcement measures are not the sole means of UN sanction. Skeptics of the coercive theory of international law note thatforceful sanctions through the United Nations are limited to situations involving threats to the peace, breaches of peace, and actsof aggressiion. In all other instances of noncompliance of international law, the charters own general provisions outlawing thethreat or use of force actually prevent forceful sanction. Those same skeptics regard this as an appropriate paradox in a decentralized state system of international politics. Nonetheless, other means of collective sanction through the UN involve diplomatic intervention and In 1967 the Security Council decided to isolate Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) for its policy of racial separation following its unilateral declaration of independence from Britain. As in other cases of economic sanctions, effectiveness in the Rhodesian situation was limited by the problems of achieving universal participation, and the res istance of national elites to external coercion. With respect to universal participation, even states usually sympathetic to Britains policy demonstrated weak compliance. The decentralization of sanctions remains one of the major weaknesses of international law. Although international bodiessometimes make decisions in the implementation of sanctions, member states must implement them. The states are the importers and exporters in the international system. They command industrial economies and the passage of goods across national boundaries. Furthermore, the UN is wholly dependent on its members on operating funds, so no matter what decisional authority its membersgive it, its ability to take action not only depends on its decision but also on means. Without the support, the wealth and the materialassistance of national governments, the UN is incapable of effective sanctions. The resistance of governments to a financially independent UN arises principally on their insistence on maintaining control over sanctioning processes in international politics. Nelson Mandela EssayThe Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal States preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Courts judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recognise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservati on based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states dependent on the same fishing grounds, have to be subject to the overriding consideration of proper conservation of the fishery resources for the benefit of all concerned. Some cases in which sanctions are threatened, however, see no actual implementation. The United States, for example, did not impose measures on those Latin American states that nationalized privately owned American property, despite legislation that authorizes the President to discontinue aid in the absence of adequate compensation. Enforcement measures are not the sole means of UN sanction. Skeptics of the coercive theory of international law note thatforceful sanctions through the United Nations are limited to situations involving threats to the peace, breaches of peace, and actsof aggressiion. In all other instances of noncompliance of international law, the charters own general provisions outlawing thethreat or use of force actually prevent forceful sanction. Those same skeptics regard this as an appropriate paradox in a decentralized state system of international politics. Nonetheless, other means of collective sanction through the UN involve diplomatic intervention and economic sanctions. In 1967 the Security Council decided to isolate Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) for its policy of racial separation following its unilateral declaration of independence from Britain. As in other cases of economic sanctions, effectiveness in the Rhodesian situation was limited by the problems of achieving universal participation, and the resistance of national elites to external coercion. With respect to universal participation, even states usually sympathetic to Britains policy demonstrated weak compliance. The decentralization of sanctions remains one of the major weaknesses of international law. Although international bodiessometimes make decisions in the implementation of sanctions, member states must implement them. The states are the importers and exporters in the international system. They command industrial economies and the passage of goods across national boundaries. Furthermore, the UN is wholly dependent on its members on operating funds, so no matter what decisional authority its membersgive it, its ability to take action not only depends on its decision but also on means. Without the support, the wealth and the materialassistance of national governments, the UN is incapable of effective sanctions. The resistance of governments to a financially independent UN arises principally on their insistence on maintaining control over sanctioning processes in international politics. Despite sweeping language regarding threats to peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression, the role of the UnitedNationsin the enforcement of international law is quite limited. Indeed the purpose of the UN is not to enforce international law, but to preserve, restore and ensure political peace and security. The role of the Security Council is to enforce that part of international law that is either created or encompassed by the Charter of the United Nations. When aggression occurs, the members of the Council may decide politically but are not obliged legally to undertake collective action that will have sanctioning result. In instances of threats to or breaches of the peace short of war, they may decide politically to take anticipatory action short of force. Moreover, it is for the members of the Security Council to determine when a threat to peace, a breach of peace, or an act of aggression has occured. Even thi determination is made on political rather than legal crite ria. The Security Council may have a legal basis for acting, but self-interst determines how each of it members votes, irrespective of how close toaggression the incident at issue may be. Hence by virtue of both its constitutional limitations and the exercise of sovereign prerogatives by its members, the security councils role as a sanctioning device in international law is sharply restricted. As the subject matter of the law becomes more politicized, states are less willing to enter into formal regulation, or do so only with loopholes for escape from apparent constraints. In this area, called the law of community, governments are generally less willingto sacrifice their soverein liberties. In a revolutionary international system where change is rapid and direction unclear, the integrity of the law of community is weak, and compliance of its often flaccid norms is correspondingly uncertain. The law of the political framework resides above these other two levels and consists of the legal norms governing the ultimatepower relations of states. This is the most politicized level of international relations; hence pertinent law is extremely primitive. Those legal norms that do exist suffer from all the political machinations of the states who made them. States have taken care tosee that their behaviour is only minimally constrained; the few legal norms they have created always provide avenues of escape such as the big-power veto in the UN Security Council. Despite the many failures and restrictions of international law, material interdpendence, especially among the states of equivalent power, may foster the growth of positive legal principles. In addition, as friendships and emnities change,, some bilateral law may cease to be observed among new emnities, but new law may arise among new friends who have newfound mutual interests. In the meantime, some multicultural law may have been developed. Finally, research suggests that the social effects of industrialization are universal and that they result in intersocial tolerances that did not exist during periods of disparate economic capability. On social, political, ane economic grounds, therefore, international law is intrinsic to the transformation and modernization of the international system, even though the law of the political context has remained so far.

Hollands Tourism And Hospitality System Tourism Essay Essay Example

Hollands Tourism And Hospitality System Tourism Essay Essay Tourism and cordial reception has become a major economic activity as outlooks with respect to the usage of our leisure clip have evolved, imputing greater significance to our free time.The Netherlands which is located in Western Europe is the universe s tourer finish. The Netherlands is frequently called Holland, and the part encompasses Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and other well-known metropoliss. The authorities has been attached great importance to the natural environment and historical and cultural heritage protection. Owing to the convenient location, convenient traffic, near to 20 tourer holiday countries and the old metropoliss, the canals, flower-growing countries, museums and other major tourer musca volitanss, the Netherlands has ever enjoyed the repute of gateway to Europe, windmill land and flower state. We will write a custom essay sample on Hollands Tourism And Hospitality System Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hollands Tourism And Hospitality System Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hollands Tourism And Hospitality System Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Netherlands Bureau of Tourism A ; Conventions ( NBTC ) is the finish selling organisation for Holland . It promotes incoming touristry to Holland for leisure or concern travel. In add-on, it promotes national vacations of the Dutch within the Netherlands. Nowadays the NBTC is chiefly active in those states and parts that provide the largest Numberss of tourers to the Netherlands, such as Europe, Asia and North America. They operate an international web combined its ain offices and representative offices based on market potency. To pull specific mark groups, the NBTC uses different selling scheme. For international tourers they use the trade name name Holland , while the trade name Lekker weg in Eigen land is used in the national market. Holland is the name used by a batch of international travellers at the reference of the state that is officially called the Netherlands . Under the Holland trade name the NBTC maximise the presentation of stand-alone which contains three f acets: trust, standing, heightened consciousness. In the domestic market they use the Lekker weg in Eigen land trade name to promote as many Dutch people as possible to detect and bask their ain state. For the 2008-2010 period, NBTC considers a 2 per centum growing of incoming touristry executable, and a growing of the comparative market portion for conventions and meetings of 19 per centum[ 2 ]. To transport out such market spread outing, the NBTC receive cardinal authorities support from the Ministry of Economic Affairs. They besides cooperate closely with national relevant organisations and international sectors. As the taking organisation for marketing the Netherlands as an absorbing finish, they have done a batch of research and study on market care and development. The consequence is effectual activities and promotion that attract more and more travellers to the Netherlands. Every visitant may hold different grounds for career in the Netherlands. The NBTC have created Product-Market-Partner-Combinations ( PMPCs ) to run into visitants wants and demands. In all there are sever dust storms, five including Classicss, City Style, Beach Life, Country Fun, The Good Life for the tourer, and tow including Let s Meet, Be Inspired for the concern meetings and convention markets. Besides a cleavage theoretical account helps to associate PMPCs harmonizing to socio-demographic variables, such as age, household income, life styles and travel motivations. After an international study by NBTC and research agency Motivaction, five outlooks were formulated, and it chiefly contains Empty squatters, Mainstream households, Upper-class quality searchers, Post-modernists and Status-conscious winners. 2.1 The VVV s and advertisement scheme In order to assist travellers entree to go information, they established tourer information office in about every metropolis or small town of some importance, which are referred to as the VVV s. Tourists can happen a tourer information office, A easy recognizable by the blue and white VVV mark. Most of the VVV s offer local and regional tourer information, hotel engagement services, local merchandises, booklets andA assorted maps. Furthermore, most of services the VVV s provide are free of charge except elaborate maps for a metropolis walk or cycling paths, but these services are available at a bantam monetary value. As a word, tourers can acquire a wealth of information and stuffs, including adjustment and go path information. In order to spread out the visibleness of the Dutch touristry, the NBTC have established a strong media web in their several states. Through printed media, out-of-door advertisement and direct mail shoots, they provide plentifulness of intelligence and informa tion for tourers and concern people. Beyond that, they besides use on-line media. Peoples can look into the website http: //www.holland.com to run into travel information demands. 3 Inbound tourer markets and outbound finishs 3.1 Inbound tourer markets Though Holland is rather little, there are many celebrated attractive forces around the state, such as Keukenhof Tulip Park, Kinderdijk windmill country, National Museum Amsterdam and so on. Millions of tourers go to these topographic points to see windmills, flowers and other beautiful scenery every twelvemonth. Tourism and cordial reception make an obvious part to the Dutch economic system. Each yearA inbound and domesticA touristry consequences in grosss of around 37 billion and the sector provides about 400,000 occupations more than 4 % of all employment chances. More than 10 million international visitants and 17.4 million Dutch people visited someplace in the Netherlands in 2008.[ 3 ]Global chances for touristry classs a good tendency. 3.3 Outbound finishs The Netherlands which is near to North Sea and Germany, Belgium, is an of import member of European Union. As we all know, Europe is the universe s touristry human dynamo, in add-on to the Netherlands, there are a batch of states known for touristry, such as Britain, France, Italy and Germany. As a consequence, the Dutch touristry industry experiences a great trade of competition. For Dutch citizens, the chief outbound finishs are neighbouring counties around European, and sometimes related to other continents such as America and Asia. Among the many attractive forces in Europe, London, Paris, Venice and Rome is the most authoritative, and these ever become the Europeans travel finishs. 4 Decisions Through the above description, the writer found that Holland had established a complete touristry and cordial reception system and the NBTC is the centre of this system. The activities of NBTC dig the touristry potency of the Netherlands and expose the travel features of the Dutch before the word. In fact, the attractive forces of the Netherlands pull the visitants all around the universe. And effectual market scheme make the travellers can non defy this enticement. Without a uncertainty, the Netherlands has a big touristry market.

Duel Between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr

Duel Between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr is not only a fascinating part of early United States history but also one whose impact cannot be overstated as it resulted in the death of Hamilton who was serving as Washingtons Secretary of the Treasury. The foundation of their rivalry was set many years before they actually met on a fateful day in July of 1804. Causes of the Rivalry Between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr The rivalry between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr had its roots in a 1791 Senate race. Aaron Burr defeated Philip Schuyler who was Hamiltons father-in-law. Schuyler as a Federalist would have supported George Washingtons and Hamiltons policies while Burr as a Democratic-Republican opposed those policies. The relationship only became more fractured during the election of 1800. The electoral college was at an impasse as to the selection of the president between Thomas Jefferson, who was supposed to be running for president, and Aaron Burr, who was running for the Vice President position. Once the votes were counted, it was found that Jefferson and Burr were tied. This meant that the House of Representatives had to decide which person would become the new president. While Alexander Hamilton didnt support either candidate, he hated Burr more than Jefferson. As a result of Hamiltons political maneuverings in the House of Representatives, Jefferson became president and Burr was named his Vice President. In 1804, Alexander Hamilton again entered the fray in a campaign against Aaron Burr. Burr was running for New York Governor, and Hamilton vigorously campaigned against him. This helped Morgan Lewis win the election and led to further animosity between the two men. The situation worsened when Hamilton criticized Burr at a dinner party. Angry letters were exchanged between the two men with Burr asking for Hamilton to apologize. When Hamilton would not do so, Burr challenged him to a duel. Duel Between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr On July 11, 1804, in the early morning hours, Hamilton met Burr at the agreed upon site at the Heights of Weehawken in New Jersey. Aaron Burr and his second, William P. Van Ness, cleared the dueling grounds of trash, and Alexander Hamilton and his second, Nathaniel Pendelton, arrived shortly before 7 AM. It is believed that Hamilton fired first and probably honored his pre-duel pledge to throw away his shot. However, his unorthodox manner of firing up instead of into the ground gave Burr the justification to take aim and shoot Hamilton. The bullet from Burr struck Hamilton in the abdomen and probably did significant damage to his internal organs. He died from his wounds a day later. Aftermath of Alexander Hamiltons Death The duel ended the life of one of the greatest minds of Federalist Party and the early U.S. Government. Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury had a significant impact on the commercial underpinning of the new federal government. The duel also made Burr a pariah in the political landscape of the U.S. Although his duel was considered to be within the bounds of the moral ethics of the time, his political aspirations were ruined.

The effect of visual obstructions on the sexual behaviour of guppies Essay

The effect of visual obstructions on the sexual behaviour of guppies - Essay Example Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution of specific, elaborate secondary sexual characteristics, it is important to study the ecological factors and behavioral mechanisms that may influence the outcome of sexual selection. These changes may therefore affect the evolutionary outcome of sexual selection. This paper summarizes the published article by Hibler and Houde entitled â€Å"The effect of visual obstructions on the sexual behavior of guppies: the importance of privacy†. The research team examined the effect of habitat structure on the sexual behavior of male and female guppies, Poecilia reticulata. The team tested whether the ability of males to observe the courtship activities of other males affects the frequency of courtship interference by male guppies, and whether this in turn affects the sexual behavior of virgin females interacting with these males. They tested these predictions by manipulating the structure of guppy habitats in the laboratory using opaque barriers and observing the effect of such visual obstructions on male courtship and interference behavior, as well as on female sexual responsiveness to male displays in experimental groups of guppies. The results of the experiments were scored and the interference behaviors as either ‘fend-offs’ or ‘chases’. Data for male groups that were tested with both virgin and non-virgin females were analyzed using ANOVA to determine the effect of both treatment and reproductive status (virgin versus non-virgin) on male display and interference behaviors with male group as a blocking factor. For trials involving non-virgin females, ANOVAs containing an order effect were also carried out for chases, fend-offs and displays. The results of this study support the original predictions made by the study group that visual obstructions reduce male interference behavior and increase female responsiveness

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Finance - Essay Example As far as unsystematic risk is concerned, it can be defined as a type of risk which can affect each and every investment (Stulz 2003). Unlike systematic risk, unsystematic risk can be called as a specific risk. It does not take into its captivity the whole system but affects in chunks. Unsystematic system is less threatening as compared to systematic risk. Due to this risk, the prices can be altered because of the specific security measures in comparison to the whole system or the whole market (Stulz 2003). Systematic risk cannot be escaped fully but unsystematic risk can be escaped fully if proper measures are taken (Stulz 2003). Systematic risk is also regarded as the only relevant risk because it is the one, which cannot be escaped. Systematic risk affects the organization, market and the whole system to a great extent and its affect is a must (Stulz 2003). Systematic risk is regarded as the only relevant risk because it can only be reduced by the four ways which are avoidance, retention, reduction and transfer but it cannot be ended wholesomely (Stulz 2003). In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), beta coefficient can be defined as a key parameter. It is employed for the measurement of part of the asset’s statistical variance (Crosson and Needles 2008). The asset’s statistical variance cannot be lessened by means of the diversification, which is provided by the portfolio of the risky assets. The reason as to why it cannot be lessened by means of diversification is that it forms a relationship with the assets that can be retrieved back in the portfolio (Hussey 1991). Only those companies can make use of the beta coefficient that are making use of the regression analysis (Feibel 2003). When a beta can be seen in a portfolio, it means that the management is seeing some risks with the investment and is showing their willingness to take risk. The betas can be obtained when the management is ready to take the risks

The Ecology Environment And Tourism Tourism Essay

The Ecology Environment And Tourism Tourism Essay Today, tourism is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. Its high growth and development rates, considerable volumes of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure development, and introduction of new management and educational experience actively affect various sectors of economy, which positively contribute to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. Most highly developed western countries, such as Austria, Italy, and Switzerland have accumulated a big deal of their social and economic welfare on profits from tourism. According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the worlds income and employs almost one tenth of the worlds workforce. All considered, tourisms actual and potential economic impact is astounding. Many people emphasize the positive aspects of tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way to balance foreign trade, an industry without chimney In short, manna from heaven. But there are also a number of other positive and negative sides of tourisms economic boom for local communities, which not always considered by advocates of tourism perspectives. Therefore in this paper I will consider the main social and environment impacts of tourism at the country level. Travel and tourism does not necessarily involve travelling abroad. Much tourism takes place within peoples home country, on visits to attractions, city breaks, trips to business meetings, sports events or concerts, and visits to friends and relatives (abbreviated as VFR). There are three main types of tourism: domestic tourism, incoming or inbound tourism and outbound tourism. According to World Tourism Organisation (WTO) affiliated to the United Nations and recognised as the leading international body on global tourism tourism is defined as: The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. World Tourism Organisation, 1993 Domestic Tourism: This is when people take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country. Examples would be: A couple taking a weekend break in their own country; A family visiting relations in another part of the country, even if they live only a few miles away. Incoming / Inbound Tourism: This describes people entering the country in question from their home country, so it is a type of international tourism. Examples could be: A group of Chinese visitors coming to Egypt on a recreational trip; Teams from different countries entering a country for an international event, such as the Olympic Games; Outbound Tourism: This term applies when people travel away from their home country to visit other international countries for leisure or business. Examples of this could be: Business people from the India travelling to Germany to visit a major exhibition; A day tripper from southern Malaysia visiting Singapore. It is possible to divide the components of the travel and tourism industry into six key areas, as represented in the Figure below, IMPACTS OF TOURISM Tourism has three major impacts namely, Socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts. SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Tourism may have many different effects on the social and cultural aspects of life in a particular region or area, depending on the cultural and religious strengths of that region. The interaction between tourists and the host community can be one of the factors that may affect a community as tourist may not be sensitive to local customs, traditions and standards. The effect can be positive or negative on the host community. Positive impacts on an area include benefits such as: Local community can mix with people from diverse backgrounds with different lifestyles which through demonstration effect may lead to the development of improved lifestyles and practices from the tourists examples. There can be an improvement in local life through better local facilities and infrastructure (developed to sustain tourism) which could lead to better education, health care, employment opportunities and income. More cultural and social events available for local people such as entertainment, exhibitions etc. Conservation of local and cultural heritage of an area and rebirth of its crafts, architectural traditions and ancestral heritage; Urban areas which may be in decline can be revived and the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas for employment may be reversed as jobs will be available in the tourism industry. Dubai is an ideal example of a tourist destination which has reaped the benefits of the positive impact of development, on the socio-cultural aspects of in the country. As noticed, considerable financial investment by both public and private sectors has resulted in development of the existing infrastructure and to job creation. Archaeological and heritage sites have been preserved, and local traditions are maintained. The hospitable culture of the Arab world and acceptance of others lifestyles implying that tourists are welcomed but do not threaten existing ways of life. However, tourism may have negative effects on an area, such as, Existing infrastructure (roads, railways, health care provision) may not be able to cope with the greater stress created by influx of people by tourism. Local populations activities and lifestyles may suffer intrusion from tourists leading to resentment towards tourists. The local population may copy lifestyles of tourists through the demonstration effect and the result could be loss to local customs and traditions as well as standards of behaviour. Increased crime could develop through decline in moral values, leading to greed and jealousy of wealthier visitors. Traditional industries may be lost and local goods substituted by imported and mass-produced goods which lack authenticity but appeal to a mass market. Tourists may act in an anti-social manner which could cause offence to the local population. Unless sufficient information is provided by the host nation and tourist providers on the standards of behaviour expected in that area, local populations come to resent tourists and act aggressively towards them. Language barriers between the tourist and the host community which may create communication problems. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environments ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourisms relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Direct impact on natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable, in the provision of tourist facilities can be caused by the use of land for accommodation and other infrastructure provision, and the use of building materials. Water, and especially fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal and area already suffering the effects of deforestation can use four to five kilograms of wood a day. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides. Solid waste and littering can degrade the physical appearance of the water and shoreline and cause the death of marine animals. Construction of ski resort accommodation and facilities frequently requires clearing forested land. Coastal wetlands are often drained and filled due to lack of more suitable sites for construction of tourism facilities and infrastructure. These activities can cause severe disturbance and erosion of the local ecosystem, even destruction in the long term. Source: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2001 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM Tourisms economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourisms economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favourable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a regions economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses, government costs for infrastructure to better serve tourists, as well as congestion and related costs borne by individuals in the community. Community decisions over tourism often involve debates between industry proponents touting tourisms economic impacts (benefits) and detractors emphasizing tourisms costs. Sound decisions rest on a balanced and objective assessment of both benefits and costs and an understanding of who benefits from tourism and who pays for it. Tourisms economic impacts are therefore an important consideration in state, regional and community planning and economic development. Economic impacts are also important factors in marketing and management decisions. Communities therefore need to understand the relative importance of tourism to their region, including tourisms contribution to economic activity in the area. A variety of methods, ranging from pure guesswork to complex mathematical models, are used to estimate tourisms economic impacts. Studies vary extensively in quality and accuracy, as well as which aspects of tourism are included. Technical reports often are filled with economic terms and methods that non-economists do not understand. On the other hand, media coverage of these studies tend to oversimplify and frequently misinterpret the results, leaving decision makers and the general public with a sometimes distorted and incomplete understanding of tourisms economic effects. Tourism has a variety of economic impacts. Tourists contribute to a destinations sales, profits, jobs, tax revenues, and income. Primary tourism sectors, such as lodging, dining, transportation, amusements, and retail trade, are affected directly: most other sectors are impacted by secondary effects. An economic impact analysis of tourism activity usually focuses on regional tourism-related changes in sales, income, and employment. A standard economic impact analysis traces the path that money takes once it leaves a tourists pocket: this is also referred to as the flows of money from tourism spending. The first flow, (direct effect), is to the businesses and government agencies to which the tourists pay money directly. The money then flows through the economy as: Payments from these direct recipients to their suppliers, Salaries and wages for households who provide labour for tourism or supporting industries, Various government taxes and charges payable by tourists, businesses and households. Continuing the fluid analogy, a leakage occurs when money escapes the economy of a region because a local consumer, (household, business or government), has purchased a product from an outside supplier. DIRECT AND SECONDARY ECONOMIC EFFECTS Economists distinguish direct, indirect and induced economic effects. The total economic impact of tourism is the sum of direct, indirect and induced effects within a region. Indirect and induced effects are sometimes collectively called secondary effects. These impacts or effects may be measured in terms of gross output, sales, income, employment, or value added. Although they are often used somewhat loosely by non-economists, these terms have precise definitions that are important when interpreting economic impact study results. Direct effects, are production changes associated with the immediate effects of changes in tourism expenditures. For example, an increase in the number of tourists staying overnight in hotels would directly increase room sales in the hotel sector. The additional hotel sales and associated changes in hotel payments for wages, salaries, taxes, supplies and services are direct effects of the tourist spending. Indirect effects are the production changes resulting from various rounds of re-spending of the tourism industrys receipts in backward-linked industries. For example, industries supplying products and services to hotels). Changes in sales, jobs and income in the linen supply industry, for example, represent indirect effects of changes in hotel sales. Businesses supplying products and services to the linen supply industry represent another round of indirect effects, eventually linking hotels by varying degrees to most other economic sectors in the region. Induced effects are the changes in economic activity resulting from household spending of income earned directly or indirectly as a result of tourism spending. For example, hotel and linen supply employees supported directly or indirectly by tourism, spend their income in the local region for housing, food, transportation, and the usual array of household product and service needs. The sales, income, and jobs that result from household spending of added wage, salary, or proprietors income are induced effects. Total Economic Impact Total Economic Impact = Direct + Secondary Effects = Direct + (Indirect + Induced Effects) A change in tourist spending can affect virtually every sector of the economy by means of indirect and induced effects. The magnitude of these secondary effects is directly related to the propensity of local businesses and households to purchase from local suppliers. Induced effects are easily visible when a large regional plant closes: supporting industries are hurt by the indirect effects, but the entire local economy usually suffers due to the reduction in regional household income. Retail stores may close, thereby increasing leakages as local consumers turn to outside suppliers. Similar but reversed induced effects are observable when there is a significant increase in regional jobs and household income. INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS An input-output (I-O) model is a mathematical model that describes the flows of money between sectors within a regions economy. Flows are predicted based on the inputs that each industry must buy from every other industry to produce a dollars worth of output. I-O models also determine the proportions of sales that go to wage and salary income, proprietors income, and taxes. Multipliers can be estimated from input-output models based on the estimated re-circulation of spending within the region. Exports and imports are determined based on estimates of the propensity of households and firms to purchase goods and services from local sources (often called RPCs or regional purchase coefficients). The more self-sufficient a region is, the fewer the leakages, so that the multipliers are correspondingly higher. Input-output models make a number of basic assumptions: All firms in a given industry employ the same production technology and produce identical products. There are no economies or diseconomies of scale in production or factor substitution. I-O models are essentially linear: double the level of tourism activity/production and you must double all of the inputs. Analysts generally report the impact estimates as if they represent activity within a single year, although the model does not explicitly keep track of time. One must assume that the various model parameters are accurate and represent the current year. I-O models are firmly grounded in the national system of accounts which relies on a standard industrial classification system (SIC codes), and on various federal government economic censuses in which individual firms report sales, wage and salary payments and employment. I-O models are generally at least a few years out-of-date: this is not usually a problem unless the regions economy has changed significantly. An I-O model represents the regions economy at a particular point in time: tourist spending estimates are generally price adjusted to the year of the model. Multiplier computations for induced effects generally assume that jobs created by additional spending are new jobs involving the movement of new households to the area. Induced effects are computed assuming linear changes in household spending with changes in income. Estimates of induced effects are frequently inflated when these assumptions are not accurate, (for example, when new jobs are staffed by existing residents). As induced effects usually comprise the vast majority of secondary effects of tourism, they should be used with caution. Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism The economic impacts of tourism are typically estimated by some variation of the simple formula: Defining the Economic Impact of Tourism: Economic Impact of Tourism = # of Tourists * Ave. Spending per Visitor * Multiplier Where # of tourists = numbers of tourists and ave. = average Estimate the change in the number and types of tourists to the region that will result from the proposed policy or action: Estimates or projections of tourist activity generally come from a demand model or some system for measuring levels of tourism activity in an area: economic impact estimates rely on good estimates of the number and types of visitors, which come from carefully designed measurements of tourist activity, a good demand model, or good judgment. This step is usually the weakest link in most tourism impact studies, as few regions have accurate counts of tourists, let alone good models for predicting changes in tourism activity or separating local visitors from visitors who originate outside the region. Estimate average levels of spending (often within specific market segments) of tourists in the local area: Spending averages come from sample surveys or are adapted from other studies. Spending estimates must be based on a representative sample of the population of tourists, and should take into account variations across seasons, market segments or types of tourists, and locations within the study area. As spending can vary widely by type of tourist, we recommend estimating average spending for a set of key tourist segments based on samples of at least 50-100 visitors per tourism segment. Segments should be defined to capture differences in spending between local residents vs. tourists, day users vs. overnight visitors, type of accommodation (motel, campground, seasonal home, with friends and relatives), and type of transportation (car, RV, air, rail, etc.). In broadly-based tourism impact studies, it is useful to identify unique spending patterns of important activity segments such as downhill skiers, boaters, or convention business travellers multiplying the number of tourists by the a verage spending per visitor, (making certain that units are consistent), gives an estimate of total tourist spending in the area. Estimates of tourist spending will generally be more accurate if distinct spending profiles and use estimates are made for key tourism segments. The use and spending estimates are the two most important parts of an economic impact assessment. When combined, they capture the amount of money brought into the region by tourists. Please note: multipliers are needed only if one is interested in the secondary effects of tourism spending. Apply the change in spending to a regional economic model or set of multipliers to determine secondary effects: Secondary effects of tourism are estimated using multipliers, or a model of the regions economy. Multipliers generally come from an economic base or input-output model of the regions economy. Often, multipliers are borrowed improperly or adjusted from published multipliers or other studies. Avoid taking a multiplier estimated for one region and applying it in a region with a quite different economic structure. As a general rule, multipliers are higher for larger regions with more diversified economies. A common error is to apply a state-wide multiplier (since these are more widely published) to a local region. This will yield inflated estimates of local multiplier effects. Stynes, D., (1997). Economic impacts of Tourism. pp. 1-19 Urbana, IL:   University of Illinois,  Cooperative Extension Service bulletin.  

Discuss the themes of Virtu and Fortuna in The Prince. Essay -- Englis

Discuss the themes of Virtu and Fortuna in The Prince. Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy on the 3rd May 1469. In 1498, Florence became a republic and Machiavelli gained a position within the Florentine government. After this he was soon confirmed by the great council as the second chancellor of the republic, making him the head of internal affairs. Less than a month later he was elected as secretary to the ten of war, which focussed on foreign and defensive affairs. In November 1498 Machiavelli was sent on his first diplomatic mission and over the years he continued with many more. On his first mission to France to see King Louis XII, which lasted six months, Machiavelli was able to observe the effects of having a single prince ruling a united country. When Machiavelli returned to Florence and he found it to be slowly disintegrating because Cesare Borgia endeavoured to create a principality for himself in Italy and during this time Machiavelli made many visits to him on behalf of the Florentine government to try and negotiate. When Borgia finally retaliated by killing his captains in Sinigaglia, Machiavelli was witness to this and later wrote an account of it. Machiavelli had a lot of admiration for Borgia’s conduct and believed his qualities would be found in the perfect prince who would eventually unite all the Italian states. Over the next few years Machiavelli maintained his position within the Florentine government and was sent on various missions and given many different roles with increasing amounts of authority over Florence. In 1513 Machiavelli is accused of being involved in an anti-Medici conspiracy with the Medici family being rulers of Florence at the time. Machiavel... ...t rule a principality. And also the book has visions of wanting to unite Italy, which is an idea 350 years ahead of its time. When Machiavelli wrote this book it was write for the time as there were frequent wars and some advice on the art of war was needed. Even though, in many cases, Machiavelli’s the Prince is still relevant today particularly in government, as if you want to succeed and gain power in it, you need to be ruthless and corrupted. Bibliography Machiavelli, N. (2003) The Prince. London: Penguin Group Solomon, R, C., Higgins, K, M., (1996). A short history of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Skinner, Q. (2000) Machiavelli – A very short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. www.constitution.org/mac/prince00/html - another translation of The Prince. â€Å"Machiavelli, Niccolo†. Microsoft Encarta 99 Encyclopedia.

Failure Analysis Essay

Team D will analyze the organizations Samsung Electronics Company (SEC) and Research In Motion – Blackberry (RIM). The study will analyze in depth the success of Samsung and the failure of Blackberry. The paper analyzes how Samsung evolved into one of the largest conglomerates in the world during the past decade the demise of Blackberry and how the company failed. Vision and Mission Statement Samsung Vision Statement, The vision of SAMSUNG Electronics is â€Å"Leading the Digital Convergence Revolution† (Samsung, 2013, p. 1). Mission Statement â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public† (Samsung, 2013, p. 1.). Established in 1938, Samsung has gone thru many changes. During its various changes, Samsung continues to modify its mission statement according to its own change and to new developments globally. â€Å"Economic contribution to the nation† â€Å", Priority to human resources† â€Å" Pursuit of rationalism† are slogans that represent important moments in Samsung’s history. The organization has grown from a national leader to a worldwide consumer leader. The constant fluctuation in the global economy, competition, and operations, Samsung transformed its mission statement in 1990. According to Samsung’s philosophy, â€Å"We will devote our human resources and technology to create superior products and services, thereby contributing to a better global society† (Samsung, 2013, p. 2.). The organizations attitude is a representation of its determination to contribute to the success of people globally. Key factors for Samsung is the dedication, creativity, and talent of its employees. The strong leadership and team support has made endless opportunities for new technology and achieving higher standard of living globally. Leadership at Samsung believe its success is due to its contribution to people worldwide and to the shared prosperity between national boundaries worldwide. This determines how they manage their  company. The objective for Samsung Electronics is to generate the future with its consumers. SEC can be considered as one of very few companies that â€Å"manage to go beyond mere imitation of global competitors, leverage resources, accelerate the pace of organizational learning and manage to attain seemingly impossible goals† ( Hamel and Prahalad, 1989). Vision and Mission Statement Blackberry vision statement, â€Å"Blackberry aims to be the premier center for management development excelling in developing managers of tomorrow; strengthening management capabilities and facilitating policy options to meet emerging challenges†. (Blackberry, 2013, p.1.). Mission statement, â€Å"To develop socially and professionally responsible and proactive managers and leaders with holistic perspectives and competencies.† (Blackberry, 2013, p.1.) In realizing the above vision and mission, RIM focuses on the following strategic areas: In 1994, Blackberry (RIM) was created. The organization is located in Waterloo, Ontario Canada. Other locations include Europe, United States, Mexico, and Asia Pacific. Blackberry lead the design, fabrication, distributor of its wireless solutions for the global cellular communications market. The creation of combined software, services, and support, Blackberry provided solutions for email, cell phone, SMS, MMS, Intranet, and Internet applications â€Å"The beauty of this device was that users could do all of these functions even as they were striding down the sidewalk, far from any desktop computer† (Kim, 2008). . The organization provided services for Civil Service, local governance, and the private sector. This enabled Blackberry to strengthen and develop into a strong financial, self-supported Institute. The downfall of Blackberry began on January 9, 2007, with the introduction of the iPhone. Apple sold a million iPhones the first week of its release, signaling the era of the smartphone. In a conference call on March 29, 2012 CEO Thorsten Heins stated, â€Å"It is now very clear to me that substantial change is what RIM needs,† (All Thing D, 2012, p. 1.). The CEO is creating something Blackberry has not had for a long time, a vision. . â€Å"We believe that BlackBerry cannot succeed if we try to be everybody’s darling and all things to all people†, (All Things D, 2012, p. 1.). It might be too late but  the organization will undertake a complete review analysis of the way the company operates. Leadership style, management, organizational structure, and culture Samsung Electronics is a worldwide organization with nearly 160,000 employees and operates in countries worldwide. Samsung is devoted to having a healthy organizational culture. It believes that ethical management is not only a tool for responding to the rapid changes in the global business environment, but also a vehicle for building trust with its various stakeholders, shareholders, customers, partners, employees, and local communities around the world. Samsung’s aim is to become one of the most ethical companies in the world that is respected by its stakeholders, Samsung Electronics continues to train its employees and operate monitoring systems, while practicing fair and transparent corporate management. Samsung has established a good and safe working environment for its personnel, this improves employee morale and productivity and commitment to the organization. Employees respect all workers despite the positions they have. Workers and leaders have a good relationship that allows both side to work together on workers grievances relating to their work environment. The relationships between the workers and leaders are interactive and workers grievances relating to their working environment and other labor related issues work well. Workers at Samsung will respect all workers despite the roles they play. CEO Kwon Oh Hyun is a commanding leader, almost militarist in leading. In South Korea, this style of leadership is very effective; unlike in the United States a commanding leader for a non-military organization would be ineffective. Kwon Oh Hyun is direct, takes tight control, very demanding, disciplined, and demands immediate compliance within the company, from top to bottom. It is difficult to recognize what leadership style is within Blackberry. What has brought Blackberry to its demise is not having a clear vision from its upper executives. Their leaders had no sense of direction to innovate the organization. Blackberry ten years ago was a leader in the cellular business. Customers who owned a blackberry phone felt important, celebrities, Wall Street investment bankers. Today Blackberry is at jeopardy on becoming obsolete. Blackberry made some critical mistakes, which put the organization in jeopardy. The organization  disregarded the iPhone until it was too late. Prior CEO Lazaridis â€Å"told his employees that no one would buy the iPhone because customers did not want a personal computer on their cell phones.† (Forbes, 2011, p. 2.) Blackberry promoted a culture of unwillingness and closed communication. Upper executives did not want to listen to ideas from below. Additionally, a critical mistake was waiting too long to innovate new products into their product line. Their current product line is a big dinosaur and still look much like their first phones. To further trouble Blackberry, two major outages occurred on April 2007 and again in February 2008, each outage lasted for a few days. Leading Organizational Change Team D would use the Kotter’s Eight Steps Detailed guidance for managing change. First major change is to establish a sense of urgency, in order to create a compelling reason for change. The compelling reason for change is to seek new ways of innovation. Keeping up with the global rapid change in the telecommunications, industry is vital. [Change process theories describe a typical pattern of events that occur from the beginning of a change to the end, and in some cases they describe how earlier changes affect subsequent changes. The theories may identify distinct phases in the process, stages in the reaction of individuals, or effects of repeated changes on people.] (Gary Yukl, 2013, p. 1.) In order to keep Blackberry competitive with the market, the organization must find new products to introduce into the market. Introducing a new lineup of products such as new cell phone models is vital for the company to compete with its competitors. The sense of urgency is creating and updating our products in time to keep up with the competition. The team would create a coalition between upper management to establish the new change for blackberry. The coalition between top executives would facilitate the introduction of the new strategy into our new business plan. A major priority for blackberry and its top executives is to create a clear vision for the upcoming change of the organization. The next hurdle is to widely open up communication barriers and simplify the communication between upper management on down. Blackberry will promote a culture of open communication and willingness for all its employees. The open communication will enable the organization to communicate the vision throughout the company. Good communication will help the organization with employees who resist change. Communication between upper management and employees will help give a clear vision of the change. Inadequate communication will give employees a sense of false information for example believe that change is not feasible, fear of personal failure, loss of status, and economic threat. The CEO will empower other managers to act on the vision by encouraging risk-taking and removing barriers to help solve problems. The new plan will take two years to implement. The action plan will include short-term goals that move blackberry toward the new vision. The change will allow upper management on down to consolidate improvement. All management reassess all changes to include analytical information, the consolidation improvements will allow the organization to make any necessary adjustments in the new programs. All management will have to lead by example and demonstrate the success of the cultural change. The new plan will reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between the new behaviors. The leadership styles will be between transformational and visionary leadership. These leadership styles will inspire the conviction of the new vision and will give blackberry a clear direction to succeed in the new change. Transformational leadership will inspire and develop empowering focus on the new plan. Conclusion During significant change to a company’s structure and strategies, personnel can experience high levels of stress on the job. Prior to executing the strategies, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stresses them. A large piece of the puzzle is communication between upper management on down. Personnel need to feel that they are empowered during the phase of the change. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees, cope with change. Individual reactions to change your complex and most experts agree that people tend to be uncomfortable with change; employees do not want to depart from their comfort zone.

Child Abuse Causes Physical And Psychological Problems...

Child abuse such as physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect, also considerate as a silent epidemic, is one of the common issues in our society. In the United States, more than 200,000 children have been killed because of abuse by their family members over the past 10 years. Every year the number of children reported as victims of abuse or neglect increased excessively (Petit.) Child abuse can be an intentional or unintentional maltreatment, violation, and exploitation of a child by a person who a child knows well. Most of the time it is caused by parents, family members, and educators at home, school, or a different place where a child is defenseless. Child abuse causes physical and psychological problems within the child. Therefore, both†¦show more content†¦Also, it is a deliberate action on the part of the parents or adult against a child. Emotional abuse can be divided into five different categories rejecting, which consists of refusing to accept a child, terrorizing, w hich is the process of making a child terrorized, ignoring, which is refusing to take notice of a child, insulating, which consists of making a child stay alone, and Corrupting, which can lead to providing drugs and alcohol to a child (Garbario.) Neglect which is practiced mostly by parents has physical and psychological signs. Neglect is the process of not providing the child with the basic needs such as food, water, clothes, and so on. Neglect can be divided into medical, which is the process of not providing a child medical attention, safety, which is the process of not protecting a child in any situation, educational, which is the process of not letting the child go to school, and physical, which is the process of not providing a child the appropriate alimentation (Schmitt.) Over many years, child abuse has been changing tremendously, and one of the worst records in the world belongs to the United States. According to the 2015 Child Maltreatment Report every day five children di e because of abuse. Children who received protection because of abuse has increased nine percent from 2011 to 2015. 683,000 cases of child abuse were reported in 2015, where 75.3 percent of them had beenShow MoreRelatedThe Act Of Child Abuse Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, child abuse is widespread and has an affect on everyone who comes across it. The act of child abuse happens everyday to a variety of kids who are typically younger and scared to tell anyone. All children are born with the right to be able to develop, grow, live and love according to their needs and feelings. For a child s development they need protection and reassurance from adults who love them and help them acquire the skills to be a successful adult. 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